Land Distribution Inequality and Farmer Poverty Vulnerability: Analyzing Land Gini Ratio and Poverty Severity Index Using the 2023 Agricultural Census
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70076/apj.v3i1.145Keywords:
agrarian reform, land gini ratio, poverty severity index, rural development, vegetation index, ST2023, smallholder farmersAbstract
Land inequality remains a structural constraint on rural poverty reduction in Indonesia. This study examines the relationship between land distribution inequality and farmer poverty vulnerability using provincial data derived from the 2023 Agricultural Census (ST2023). Land inequality is measured using the Land Gini Ratio, while poverty vulnerability is assessed through the Poverty Severity Index. The analysis applies linear regression to evaluate the statistical association between variables. The results indicate a strong positive relationship (R² = 0.54, p = 0.002), suggesting that provinces with higher land inequality tend to exhibit deeper poverty severity among agricultural households. These findings highlight that land disparity is strongly associated with rural poverty vulnerability within the observed model. The study underscores the importance of equitable land distribution policies as part of inclusive rural development strategies.
References
International Land Coalition. Uneven Ground: Land Inequality at the Heart of Unequal Societies; International Land Coalition: Rome, Italy, 2020.
Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Agricultural Census 2023 (ST2023): Preliminary Results; BPS: Jakarta, Indonesia, 2023.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The State of Food and Agriculture 2022: Leveraging Agricultural Automation for Transforming Agrifood Systems; FAO: Rome, Italy, 2022.
Valtiala, J.; Rikkonen, P.; Kortelainen, K.; Saarinen, A. The relationship between agricultural land parcel size and cultivation costs. Land Use Policy 2023.
Zulkifli, F.R.; Razak, A.R. The multi-dimensional nature of poverty: A review of contemporary research. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences. 2023.
Ministry of Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions, and Transmigration (Kemendes PDTT). Village Development Index (IDM) Report 2024; Kemendes PDTT: Jakarta, Indonesia, 2024.
Samosir, H.P.; Panggabean, M.J. The urgency of agrarian reform policy: A study of the impact of land access on farmer household welfare. Bhumi: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan. 2023.
Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Complete Enumeration Results of the 2023 Agricultural Census – Phase I; BPS: Jakarta, Indonesia, 2023.
Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Poverty Profile in Indonesia, March 2023; BPS: Jakarta, Indonesia, 2023.
Kareemulla, K.; Prasad, R.S.; Reddy, K.B.; Ghosh, S.; Singh, S.; Babu, R. Spatiotemporal analysis of size and equity in ownership dynamics of agricultural landholdings in India vis-à-vis the world. Sustainability 2021.
Septya, M.K.N.; Dewi, D.D. A portrait of multidimensional poverty of Indonesian agricultural households. Daengku 2024.
Sullivan, J.; Corsi, J.; Benjaminsen, T.; Dwyer, M.; Galli, F.; Maganga, F.; Askew, K. Large-scale land acquisitions exacerbate local farmland inequalities in Tanzania. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2023.
Aragie, E. The impact of large-scale agricultural investments in low-income economies. J. Dev. Policy Pract. 2023.
Prianto, Y. Consistency of legal principles regarding land distribution inequality and its impact on food security. J. Litig. 2023.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Agricultural Power Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
