Correction and Retraction

Agricultural Power Journal (APJ) is committed to maintaining the integrity and reliability of the scholarly record. Articles may be retracted when there is clear and substantial evidence that the published work contains serious problems that invalidate its findings or violates fundamental principles of publication ethics.

An article may be considered for retraction when:

1. Unreliable Findings
   There is clear evidence that the findings or conclusions are unreliable due to a major error, such as significant miscalculation, methodological error, or experimental error.

2. Fabrication or Falsification
   The research contains fabricated data, falsified results, manipulated images, or other forms of research misconduct that materially affect the validity of the article.

3. Plagiarism or Unethical Use of Published Material
   Substantial plagiarism or unauthorized use of another person's work is identified.

4. Duplicate or Redundant Publication
   Substantial parts of the article have been published elsewhere without appropriate attribution, disclosure, or permission, resulting in duplicate or redundant publication.

5. Copyright or Legal Violations
   The article contains material used without the necessary permission or involves a serious copyright, privacy, defamation, or other legal violation.

6. Unethical Research
   The research is found to have been conducted without required ethical approval, informed consent, or in violation of applicable ethical standards for research involving human participants, animals, or other regulated subjects.

7. Compromised Peer Review
   The article was published as a result of a seriously compromised, manipulated, or fraudulent peer-review process.

8. Undisclosed Serious Conflict of Interest
   A major undisclosed conflict of interest is identified that could substantially affect the interpretation, validity, or conclusions of the published work.

Retraction Procedure

When a potential reason for retraction is identified, the Editor will assess the available evidence and, where appropriate, contact the authors to request an explanation. The investigation will be conducted fairly and confidentially.

If retraction is considered necessary, APJ will publish a retraction notice that clearly identifies the retracted article, states the reason for retraction, and provides a link to the original article. The original article will normally remain accessible as part of the scholarly record but will be clearly marked as “Retracted.”

Retraction does not necessarily imply misconduct by all authors. The reason for retraction and the extent of responsibility will be stated objectively based on the available evidence.

Where an issue does not invalidate the main findings of an article, APJ may instead publish a correction or expression of concern, as appropriate.

APJ handles retractions in accordance with recognized publication ethics principles and seeks to ensure transparency, accountability, and the integrity of the scholarly record.