Measuring Global Competitiveness and Horticulture Export Resilience Amidst Non-Tariff Barriers and Stringent Phytosanitary Requirements for Indonesian Tropical Fruits

Abstract

The export performance of Indonesian tropical fruits has considerable potential to contribute to national economic growth; however, increasing non-tariff barriers (NTBs) and stringent phytosanitary requirements continue to challenge export competitiveness in global markets. Compliance with sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures, quality standards, traceability systems, and food safety regulations has become essential for maintaining market access and strengthening export resilience. This study aims to synthesize empirical evidence on the relationship between global competitiveness, export resilience, and compliance with non-tariff and phytosanitary regulations affecting Indonesian tropical fruit exports. A qualitative systematic literature review was conducted by analyzing twenty-five peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2026 from international and national scientific databases. The findings indicate that export competitiveness is strongly influenced by product quality, compliance with international phytosanitary standards, certification systems, logistics efficiency, technological innovation, and institutional support. Furthermore, strengthening export resilience requires integrated strategies involving government policies, farmer capacity building, traceability systems, and improvements in post-harvest management to reduce the impact of increasingly stringent import regulations. The study concludes that enhancing compliance with international standards while improving supply chain competitiveness is essential to expand market access and sustain the long-term competitiveness of Indonesian tropical fruits in global trade.